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Lots of other Scientologist-run organizations and organizations come from the umbrella company World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which certifies the usage of Hubbard's management teachings, and distributes directory sites of WISE-affiliated organizations. WISE needs those who want to become Hubbard management speaks with to finish training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be carried out at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the schools of the Hubbard College of Administration, which provides a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


Another popular WISE-affiliated business is e. Republic, a publishing business based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications consist of Federal government Technology and Converge magazines. The Center for Digital Federal government is a department of e. Republic that was founded in 1999. Web ISP EarthLink was founded by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology enterprise.




This area requires expansion. You can assist by adding to it. In order to assist in the continued growth of Scientology, the Church has made efforts to win allies in the kind of powerful or highly regarded individuals. Church of Scientology Perth. Though it has actually achieved some trustworthiness as a religious beliefs in lots of countries, Scientology has likewise been described as both a cult and a company.

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For instance, it has been kept in mind to engage in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by determining as Fair Game individuals it perceives as its opponents. In 1979, several Scientology members were convicted for their involvement in the church's Operation Snow White, the biggest theft of federal government documents in U.S.


Scientologists were likewise convicted of scams, manslaughter and damaging witnesses in French cases, malicious libel versus attorney Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religious beliefs in America, religious scholar Jacob Neusner states that Scientology's "high level of exposure" may be viewed as "threatening to established social institutions".


From 1952 till 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), established in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was incorporated in California on February 18, 1954, altering its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the Internal Revenue Service stripped all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, stating Scientology's activities were business and operated for the advantage of Hubbard. Controversy followed the church on those years, however its growth continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology remained in 52 countries by the time the 80s can be found in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church took legal action against and lost repeatedly for 26 years attempting to regain its tax-exempt status. The case was ultimately settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than IRS had actually initially demandedand the Internal Revenue Service recognized the church as a tax-exempt not-for-profit organization.


Scientology cites its tax exemption as evidence the United States federal government accepts it as a religious beliefs. In January 2009, elimination of the tax exemption was rated as number 9 in products for the incoming Barack Obama administration to examine, as identified in a web poll run by the governmental transition group obtaining public input for the incoming administration.

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State Department has actually criticized Western European countries for discrimination versus Scientologists in its released yearly International Religious Freedom report, based upon the International Religious Flexibility Act of 1998. In some countries Scientology is treated legally as a business business, and not as a faith or charitable company. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was approved you can check here a tax-exemption for the 10% license costs sent out to the United States. The word Scientology (and many associated terms, consisting of L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up trademark. Religious Technology Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a hard line on people and groups who try to use it in methods unaffiliated with the main Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard appointed Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of certain aspects of legal defense for the CoS in 1968 and the Workplace of The Guardian was developed with its head workplace situated at Saint Hill Manor - Church of navigate here Scientology Perth. Under The Guardian's Office (later renamed the Workplace of Unique Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted staff from Bureau One later arranged and committed one of the biggest penetration of United States federal companies ever perpetrated by an organization not associated with a foreign government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution described their actions as such: The criminal activity committed by these offenders is of a breadth and scope formerly unheard of. No building, workplace, desk, or file was safe from their snooping and prying. No person or organization was devoid of their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has also in the past utilized aggressive strategies in addressing those it views as trying to suppress them, referred to as Suppressive Persons (SPs) first described by Hubbard as part of a policy called level playing field. Scientology. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having actually authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its founder.


Using blank paper known to have actually been dealt with by Cooper, Scientologists forged bomb risks in her name. When fingerprints on them matched hers, the Justice Department began prosecution, which might have sent Cooper to prison for a lengthy term. The Church's strategy was found at Discover More Here the exact same time as its Operation Snow White actions were exposed.